1995
		annually
		English
		American literature, history, art, music, film, popular culture, institutions, politics, economics, geography and related subjects
		1300-6606

Editor in Chief Ayşe Lahur Kırtunç, Ege University Film Review Editor Michael Oppermann, Abendgymnasium Dresden Book Review Editor Clifford Endres, Kadir Has University Managing Editor Muammer Şanlı, Bilkent University Editorial Board Nur Gökalp Akkerman, Hacettepe University Robert Bertholf, State University of New York at Buffalo Gülriz Büken, Bilkent University Dilek Doltaş, Doğuş University Clifford Endres, Kadir Has University Çağrı Erhan, Ankara University David Espey, University of Pennsylvania Lawrence B. Goodheart, University of Connecticut John Grabowski, Case Western Reserve University Matthew Gumpert, Kadir Has University Barış Gümüşbaş, Hacettepe University William Jones, Southeastern University Edward Kohn, Bilkent University Kevin R. McNamara, University of Houston-Clear Lake Bernard Mergen, George Washington University Gönül Pultar, Emeritus, Bilkent University Maria Herrera-Sobek, University of California Santa Barbara Meldan Tanrısal, Hacettepe University Advisory Board Alan Brinkley, Columbia University Ray Browne, Emeritus, Bowling Green State University William Chafe, Duke University Raymond Federman, Emeritus, State University of New York at Buffalo Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Stanford University Halil İnalcık, Chicago and Bilkent Universities Paul Levine, University of Copenhagen Ersin Onulduran, Ankara University Editorial Assistant Murat Erdem
The editors welcome submission of material for consideration as an article, as a review, as a comment on articles previously published in Journal of American Studies of Turkey or as a note about past events, announcing coming ones, or constituting calls for papers. The articles should be approximately 3000-5000 words in length (12-20 double-spaced typed pages); the reviews should not exceed 500 words (two double-spaced typed pages). The articles should be consistent with the objectives and scope of Journal of American Studies of Turkey. All articles are subject to stylistic editing. No material will be considered for publication if it is currently under consideration by another journal or press or if it has been published or is soon to be published elsewhere. Both restrictions apply to the substance as well as to the exact wording of the manuscript. If the manuscript is accepted, the editorial board expects that its appearance in Journal of American Studies of Turkey will precede republication of the essay, or any significant part thereof, in any other work. Authors should allow three to six months for a reply after the submission of the manuscript. Manuscripts should be arranged in the format of articles printed in this issue. The text should be organized under appropriate section headings where possible. Notes, limited to explanatory ones, should be included only when absolutely necessary, and preferably in parenthetical form. The MLA author-page style of documentation should be strictly observed. (See Gibaldi, Joseph. The MLA Manual for Writers of Research Papers. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2000). Book reviews should include a brief description of the subjects covered in the book; an evaluation of the book’s strength and weaknesses; and the kind(s) of audiences to whom the book might appeal. The heading of the review should include the following information: Title. Author(s) or editor(s) name(s). Publication date. Number of pages. Price of book and postage and handling charges (if known). Name and address of publisher. Manuscripts should be prepared on a word processor and printed double-spaced (including notes and works cited) with wide margins, on one side of the paper only. They should be sent in hard copy (making sure you retain one for your files), along with their rich text format (RTF) or MS-Word (DOC) files on a 3.5 inch HD diskette in IBM-compatible format, or by attachment of these files to e-mail. The copyright of all material published will be vested in Journal of American Studies of Turkey unless otherwise specifically agreed. This copyright covers exclusive rights of publication on printed or electronic media, including the World Wide Web. All correspondence for Journal of American Studies of Turkey should be addressed to: Ayse Lahur Kirtunc Department of American Culture and Literature Faculty of Letters, Ege University 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey E-mail: jast@egenet.com.tr Fax:  +90 232 388 1102

Journal of American Studies of Turkey

A biannual print and on-line publication of the American Studies Association of Turkey, the Journal of American Studies of Turkey publishes work in English by scholars of any nationality on American literature, history, art, music, film, popular culture, institutions, politics, economics, geography and related subjects. The Editorial Board particularly welcomes articles which cross conventional borders between academic disciplines as well as comparative studies of American and other cultures. Journal of American Studies of Turkey also publishes creative work, notes, comments as well as book and film reviews. All articles are reviewed by an objective, blind peer-referee process before acceptance. Prospective authors should examine the details for the preparation and submission of papers. Journal of American Studies of Turkey has been indexed in the MLA International Bibliography, Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory, and the American Humanities Index since the publication of its first issue of Spring 1995, and in the MLA Directory of Periodicals since 1999. The JAST homepage, containing various information and all articles, is available on the following web sites: Web1:  http://www.asattaed.org Web2: http://ake.ege.edu.tr/en/jast/index.html

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Special U.S. History Issue , Number 22

Alfred Stieglitz’s Camera Work, and the Early Cultivation of American Modernism

By Ted Eversole
This article focuses on Stieglitz, his gallery, and the journal Camera Work as cultivators of modernism. It is not Stieglitz, the photographer, that is most critical, but Stieglitz and his coterie of modernist painters and writers who took the spirit of the new art forward to a largely unappreciative American audience. This marked the beginnings of modernist criticism and a modernist American worldview. Modernism itself became the broad brush that reflected a changing and increasingly mechanized and science-based world of new opportunities, possibilities, and problems. Artists of this early period attempted to come to grips with this change in many ways and forms. In the cultural confusion of the time, this often resembled an avant-garde vs. anti-avant-garde clash. At the heart of this modernism was a previously unheard of independent spirit and concern for self-expression in whatever vision the artist chose for this expression, be it non-representative, non-objective, or abstract. The Camera Work critics and artists are then historically important even though post modernist musings might see them as useless vestiges of an unacceptable past plagued by racism, homophobia, sexism, and capitalism

An Angel Directs the Storm: Apocalyptic Religion & American Empire by Michael Northcott

By Akça Ataç

Anadolu’dan Yeni Dünya’ya: Amerika’ya İlk Göç Eden Türklerin Yaşam Öyküleri (From Anatolia to the New World: Tales of the First Immigrant Turks in America) by Rıfat N. Bali

By Işıl Acehan

Cinderella Man by Ron Howard

By Ann Fey

Seabiscuit by Gary Ross

By Ann Fey

History and Enterprise: Past, Profit, and Future in the United States

By John Grabowski
Most people who value history and see it as fundamental to civic virtue, know that its importance is not linked to the theory or interpretation de jour, but to the rigor it requires in examining evidence and coming to conclusions. The need for rigor transcends the classroom and the museum. The veracity of campaign statements is important, the historical precedents for policy decisions are critical, and a good understanding of one’s personal historical links to the society in which one lives is fundamental to one’s sense of citizenship. The United States is not a nation with no use for a past and with a population focused only on the future. There is a deep and very American way of seeing and using the past. The manner in which Americans approach and “consume” their history may not satisfy many of its professional practitioners. But we all need to understand that an interest is there, has always been there, and has produced a certain set of rules. The trick now, the bottom line if you will, is for those who value history to work with and within what one might call an historical consumption system and to use it in a manner that will make ordinary citizens more critical consumers of the historical product.

From Rehabilitation to “Just Deserts”: A History of Juvenile Justice in the United States

By Mary Lou O'Neil
The year 1999 marked the 100th anniversary of the founding of the first juvenile court in the United States, in Chicago, Illinois. Over the last one hundred years, the juvenile justice system has grown and is now firmly entrenched in the United States. The founding of juvenile courts in 1899 represented the culmination of decades of change in criminology and the handling of juveniles who came into contact with the law because of delinquency or dependence. Today there exists a juvenile court in every state, and it is nearly impossible to envision the legal system of the United States without envisioning a special forum that addresses the legal problems of children. This article traces the development of the juvenile justice system in the United States and the competing conceptions of childhood underlying the administration of justice for young people.

An Interview with Eric S. Edelman

By Edward Kohn and Tim Roberts

An Interview with Richard Pells

By Tim Roberts

Power, Terror, Peace and War: America’s Grand Strategy in a World at Risk by Walter Russell Mead

By Levent İşyar

Amerika: Özgürlük Havarisi Mi? Yoksa Günah Keçisi Mi? (America: A Messenger of Freedom or Scapegoat?) by Okan Arslan and Selçuk Arı

By Derya Dumlu

Osmanlı-Amerikan İlişkileri (Ottoman-American Relations) by Nurdan Şafak

By Serkan Ünal

Surprise, Security, and the American Experience by John Lewis Gaddis

By Barın Kayaoğlu