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Purinton, William. "Joseph Hillery King’s View and Use of Scripture in the Holiness/Pentecostal Context," Theological Studies, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, May 2003.
Joseph Hillery King’s view and use of Scripture is examined as a historical case study in defining Holiness/Pentecostal hermeneutics. For King, Scripture proved to be the sole means of spiritual understanding and theological definition, and the final authority when judging spiritual experience. King made a significant turn in 1907 when he experienced Spirit baptism and tongues. Based upon King’s careful and spiritual reading of Scripture, he changed from a view of multiple baptisms (Spirit, fire, dynamite, lyddite, and oxydite) to a theological orthodoxy of three steps: justification, sanctification, and Spirit baptism. Chapter two introduces the two streams that converge to make the nineteenth-century Wesleyan/Holiness movement: Phoebe Palmer’s Altar Theology and Charles G. Finney’s Revivalism. The National Holiness Association represented the mainstream of this synthesis while radical holiness reacted to the “tame” holiness of the NHA. Chapter three shows the theological and missiological parentage of the Holiness/Pentecostal movement, and the spread of Pentecost to the southeastern United States. Chapter four describes the history of the Pentecostal Holiness Church, from its beginning as a union between two like-minded holiness churches in 1911 to its unity with the National Association of Evangelicals in 1943. Chapter five covers the biography of J. H. King, from his youth as a migrant farm worker to his selection as General Overseer of the Fire-Baptized Holiness Association and as General Superintendent of the Pentecostal Holiness Church. King is a Holiness/Pentecostal theologian, and there remains a need in American theology to hear the Pentecostal contributions. King’s spiritual formation through Methodism, the Wesleyan/Holiness movement, and Holiness/Pentecostalism helps the reader to view theological shifts and transitions. Chapter six presents four views of Pentecostal hermeneutics and introduces King’s hermeneutical principles: spiritual reading, theological interpretation, and Pentecostal praxis. Chapters seven through nine study King’s three principles. Chapter ten shows that the five-fold gospel is a means of capturing Holiness/Pentecostal hermeneutics, with justification, sanctification, baptism in the Holy Spirit, divine healing, and second coming. The conclusion calls for further historical studies of Pentecostal theology, and considers what the contributions of the present study might be to that worthy enterprise.
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