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Kalaldeh, Murad. "Impact of Industrial Parks on Urban and Regional Development," Graz University of Technology, April 2002. Advisor: Austria
Industrial Parks are important projects, which can be used to influence the formation of urban fabric. The interaction between workplace and the place of residence can be utilized to influence the urban and regional development according to plan. Using the case-study method, Jordan was chosen to fulfill this undertaking. Theoretical research on ways of achieving sustainable development through national and regional planning has paved the way to elaborate the subject of industrial parks as instruments, which facilitate economic impulses. A detailed description of the existing and planned industrial parks in Jordan has established the basis needed to analyze their impact on urban localities, provinces and regions. Recent maps developed from aerial photos make possible the observation of urban growth towards the existing industrial parks as gravitation poles. For further analysis, a quantitative model for the calculation of the possible number of industrial parks that can employ the planned industrial labor in each province was constructed. In order to get empirical figures for the estimated and planned industrial labor force for each province and locality, the national population census was used to calculate the population, which is old enough to work. Thus, the number planned as an industrial labor supply was calculated with the help of a gravitation model in order to obtain the number of the residual planned industrial labor supply. This result was reflected in a surplus or a shortage in the industrial labor supply and was expressed as a percentage of the labor employed in the industrial park that can be employed by a park existing or planned park. In the case of a surplus, this ratio demonstrates the number of additional industrial parks similar as the existing or planned one needed in each province. Modifications in the input fields can help in decision-making with regard to the resizing or relocation of the park. The developed ranking model is a computer-based calculation model that can act as an expert decision system, and can be adapted for other projects such as schools, hospitals, hotels etc. It has been found that industrial parks can act as gravitation poles and influence urban and regional development. Furthermore, they can be used as instruments to approach equilibrium between regions, thus bringing about a fair and balanced distribution of investments and population, as well as curbing migration from the countryside to the big cities. The findings regarding Jordan as a case-study country provide evidence that the decentralization policy of the existing and planned industrial parks will positively influence the urban and regional development of that country. Furthermore, it will lead not only to the expansion of the prevailing north-south axis eastwards, but also divert pressure from the center to the provincial localities. Finally, the author has formulated design-related recommendations in addition to recommendations addressed to investors and to the public authorities.
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